1919, the war was over, but the belligerence not yet appeased. Anti-democratic forces longed for the old emperor or were suspiciously eyeing the sympathy of the workers for the Soviet Union and the pursuit for self-determination of the Russian workers and peasants. The world has been shaken by economic crises in industry and agriculture, currencies, the hyperinflation, - the Reich of coup attempts, while they strove to catch up with the colonial states. Thus the Landtag and Reichstag deputy Max Richter, a union secretary from Neumünster in 1919 under pressure from the local unions employed as a district administrator in Meldorf and displaced by the local council majority again. The military defeat that led to the Early abdication of the Emperor, was not accepted by many.
The first contacts by Lohse, later Gauleader NSDAP SLH to the Bavarian People's Party already existed in Feb. 1920. The BVP was the largest party in Bavaria, her right margin showed clear sympathies with anti-republican aspirations and represented the interests of propertied middle and parts of the industry,*1: "While Prussia is still considered a major factor in the kingdom, but already there is the fact that Bavaria has taken national leadership in the kingdom." Since the first world war was not yet over half a year.
All parties of the German Reich also were in Dithmarschen. Of the "German National People's Party" (DNVP) to Ddp*2 members ran over to the Nazis.
One was the DSP. That was a North German variant of the Nazis. In September 1920 these "german social" won the teacher Ruß, the owner of the local newspaper "Dithmarsian Messenger" in Wesselburen. He wrote an article on 01.01.1918, when the "Socialist German Working Group" was formed. Their demands were: 1 Free ground; 2 Replacement of the old Roman law by a German municipal law; 3 Nationalization of our monetary system; 4 Freedom from any foreign domination.
It reads harmless at first, but was anti-semitic from the beginning. The main points were of Gottfried Feders essays on the 'breaking of interest slavery and the condition of the people who are under the rule of money and interest of the alljewish high finance.' This one in 1933 was appointed as Secretary of State in the Ministry of Economy by Hitler. ".... First, we must all become German to the bone. One more thing. Not be restrained in the Jewish question, it is now crucial point upon our national existence." This was the official statement of that party. In Salzburg, on the first representative meeting of all National Socialists, 7./8.8.1920, German-Austrians, Czechs, Poles, DSP and NSDAP were present.
In several rural communities, there were small groups, the largest in Wesselburen were 40 and Büsum with 34 members. With an application to the first DSP Gautag-Kiel, " to lead the way to a thorough agitation in the ranks of the teachers and clergy in the country," the dithmarsian made themselves known. The resolution came in 1922, when many were converted to the NSDAP and the remnants to the "german work community" (DWG)*3.
One of the parties that came closest to the later Nazi Party, was the german ethnic protection and defiance alliance (DSTB). On the 15/06/1920 five members prevented the of homosexuality acting film "Different from the Others" by throwing stink bombs. After dissolution in early 1923, members were invited to join NSDAP. DSP and DSTB came about on their own initiative, although Hitler gave the North German area of influence to the leader of the German Nationalist Party DFP Gräfe, a spin-off of the DNVP.
Some very early members of the first hour of the NSDAP in advance. Hermann Boltzmann, village school teacher in Ketelsbüttel, had the leadership of the DFB of the Gau Schleswig-Holstein, in 1926 and was head of the district Dithmarschen. He then came out of the DNVP to the National Socialist Freedom League (NSFB), ran at 3. Place for the Reichstag and took six times as a speaker at election, especially in Dithmarschen. He led a pronounced strong local group in Meldorf and Bargenstedt.
Wilhelm Bruhn ran on the "List Vehrs" 1924-29, was in 1928 Director of the "Party of Economy", Managing Director of the Federal District Trade and board member of the "House and Land Owners Associatio"n in Heide. He bacame City Council in 1929, National Socialist since 1931, stood on the 4. place of the electoral lists in 1933 for the county council and 2. place for the council and was after the "seizure of power" acting as head of the police administration in Heide. Him and shoemaker Heinrich Brandt in Wesselburen had the leading role in supporting the Nazis on the "List Economy" 1929.
Fritz Heesch from Auhof Meldorf came from the German Democratic Party (DDP) to the NSDAP just like the descendant of the eiderstätischen Friedrichstadt Reichsbank President Hjalmar Schacht.*4
The Gefolgschaftsführer Hans Sierk, and Bannführer (both Hitler Youth ranks) of West-Holstein came from Heide and was a member of the lodge "Marsian Loyalty" of in 1899. The members who have played a major role in the municipal life of the city Heide, were honored by that today at least four Heider streets bear their names.
Ludwig (Lühr) Oldigs (born 1907 in Wesselburen), Director of Dithmarsian Home Folk School in Lunden, had the Nazi Party member number 68614 and was also one of the members who could be requested for events at any time. He was considered an expert on agriculture, youth and culture.
"Germania Border Protection Association", founded by Dietrich Klagges and activists of DSTB on a leadership conference in Friedrichstadt to maintain the ethnic Germans in the North Mark and deliver ideal targets the boys became the youth organization of the Nazi Party Flensburg in 1925. Dietrich Klagges, since 1918 middle school teacher in Wilster had been led to the NSDAP by his anti-semitic bigotry and its rigorous rejection of the political order. He came on as a writer in the fight Nazi publishing letters. In winter 1925/26, he moved as a vice principal at the middle school to Bennekendorf im Harz. In 1931 Nazi Minister of the Interior and as this responsible for the "naturalization" of Adolf Hitler and in 1933 Prime Minister of Brunswick. From 1933-45 he was a member of the Reichstag. 1946 in his function as SS-group leader and for the crime committed by him as Brunswick Minister of State and Ministerpresident sentenced by a military court for crimes in Bielefeld.
Not only about parties entered the NSDAP, but also many clubs early and without distress confessed to Nazi associations and their members played a major role in building. The "Steel Helmet West Coast" was the radical wing of the Schleswig-Holstein Stee Helmet*5 such as in Heide in 1925. All were armed. Part of its members was going over to the NSDAP.
Many representatives of the Evangelical Lutheran Church were conservative and nationally set, which generally led to fusion of nationalism and christian message. As an example of an initial line of loyal Nazis Probst Johann Martin Bünz may apply. On 1.6.1933 the provost of Süderdithmarschen called for a rally of the "German Christians" in the Erheiterung. In 1931 the provost had seen the anti-Semitism of the Nazi Party as a hyphen.*6 Now one tried to manoever through. For the election of the Synod Bünz, farmer Beeck and Kummerfeld (both NSDAP) were elected. Later, he and the Meldorfer pastors Jacobsen and Doose occurred in the "NSKK"*7 - but soon tread out again.
The "NS Cultural Association Dithmarschen". 1906 campaigned the "Heine Slayer" Adolf Bartels with his writing against: "Heinrich Heine*8, also a monument". Bartels was also a member of the Dithmarsian Association for Regional Studies. 5 years later, in 1927, he even got awarded honorary citizenship out of his hometown Wesselburen. He established the contacts between the Schleswig-Holstein movement (SHB)*9 and NS-Culturpropagandists in the Reich. From them he was celebrated enthusiasticly on 11.14.1931 as the one who had introduced the separation of the spirits of race and blood in the history of literature. (After A. Bartels, My Life, 1932) A novel, "Der Obervollmacht," ends with the appearance and speech of Hitler on 16/10/1928 in Heide. The writer and so called literary critic, was appreciated in 1922 for his 60th Appreciated birthday in Wesselburener city council: "We Schleswig-Holstein (SHB) welcome to our compatriot, we want to confess to him, respect him and honor as a historian of our literature. Her, the city Wesselburen, thus acknowledging his contribution to the maintainance of genuine German nationality, and his serious researchers sense with congenital judgment and practiced in strict objectivity criticism of German Schrifttum, they honor him as the poet and the simple German Christians and thank him his excellent Heimattreue. "
This award was initiated by the in the State Assembly of the SHB middle school temporarily working councilor and director Detlev Kölln, of the "Adolf Bartels Covenant" in Wesselburen founded in 1932 and served as its national chairman. He took only pure-blooded German men and women as members who were fighting against "fremdrassiges in particularity Jewish spiritual life on German soil".
Another character in 1863 in Barlt born Gustav Frenssen, whos home novels belonged to the former bestsellers. Frenssen was a committed supporter of Nazi ideology and represented the Nazi euthanasia. Still in the Lebenskunde (published 1942), he calls euthanasia for the disabled, working unwilling, tramps, enemies of the people, criminals and others, which he classified sick. (p. 50-55), spread his radical Nazi beliefs also the third volume of his Grübeleien, which were published in 1937 under the title Vorland (p. 49-70). A "Frenssen Street" still exist in several places. In Meldorf he lived at Gallows Hill.
1The BVP was the largest party in Bavaria, her right margin showed clear sympathies with anti-republican aspirations and represented the interests of the bourgeoisie and the ownership of industries.
2 The German Democratic Party (DDP short) was a left-liberal party of the Weimar Republic, which was involved in almost all governments Empire until 1932.
3 founded by Otto Dickel and Kiel run by Hespel, there were two lecture tours in Wesselburen and once in Büsum. 2 Chairman of the DWG way, Julius Streicher, founder, owner and publisher of the anti-Semitic smearsheet "The Forward", was among the 24 in the trial of the major war criminals before the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg defendants and was sentenced in 1946 for crimes against humanity.
4Horace Greeley Schacht (born 22 January 1877 in Tingleff (Danish: Tinglev), North Schleswig, † June 3, 1970 in Munich) was a German politician, banker, 1923-1930, and 1933-1939 President of the Reichsbank and 1934-1937 Minister of Economics . In November 1918, he was among the founders of the (left-) liberal German Democratic Party, which he left in May, 1926. Although he was only in 1937 Nazi party member, but worked for them since 1930. Schacht was one of the 24 in the Nuremberg Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal indicted leaders of the Nazi era and was the first October 1946 acquitted of all charges.
5The "Steel Helmet, League of Front Soldiers" was a paramilitary organization organized military during the Weimar Republic, which was founded in 1918. Former front-line soldiers of Jewish faith were denied membership. It described the helmet-members towards the end of the Weimar Republic itself in contrast to the NSDAP as the "German Fascists".
6Willi Schulz "The transfer of power to the Nazis in Meldorf" 1986
7National Socialist Motor Corps, a division of the SA.
8Christian Johann Heinrich Heine (born December 13, 1797, Harry Heine in Dusseldorf, † 17 February 1856 in Paris) was one of the most important German poets, writers and journalists of the 19th Century. Later worked on Karl Marx's forward magazines! and German-French Yearbooks with.
9 Alliance of 150 local groups with a total of 33000 members. At the head of the regional groups were mostly pastors, school teachers, teachers, lawyers or merchants.